The Philosophy of Film: Stoicism

Theme. It’s the big idea; it’s what your story is all about. Depending on the movie, a theme can often be interpreted in different ways, but there’s always a search for meaning—just like a philosopher’s quest. As part of our series on philosophy in film, we wanted to start with one of our favorites: Stoicism.

What is Stoicism?

Stoicism is an ancient Greek philosophy founded in the early 3rd century BC by Zeno of Citium. It teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions. The Stoics believed that true happiness comes not from external events but from how we respond to them. They emphasized virtues like wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance, focusing on the idea that we should live in accordance with nature and accept what we cannot change.

Central to Stoic philosophy is the concept of amor fati—the love of fate. This idea encourages acceptance of life’s challenges and difficulties, viewing them as necessary and valuable experiences rather than obstacles. Stoicism teaches us to maintain inner peace in the face of adversity, embracing the inevitability of change and the impermanence of life.

This brings us to Marcus Aurelius, whose portrayal in film offers a powerful exploration of these Stoic ideals.

In Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000), Marcus Aurelius, played by Richard Harris, is portrayed as a wise and just Roman Emperor deeply influenced by Stoic principles. Harris's character is based on the real Marcus Aurelius, who was not only a Roman Emperor but also one of the most notable Stoic philosophers. Ruling from 161 to 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius is best known for his work Meditations, a series of personal writings that reflect his Stoic beliefs and his efforts to live a virtuous life despite the challenges of leadership.

In Gladiator, Marcus Aurelius embodies the Stoic ideal of the philosopher-king, prioritizing wisdom and virtue over power and ambition. His desire to pass the throne to Maximus, who exemplifies these Stoic values, rather than to his own son, highlights his belief in leadership based on merit and virtue. His acceptance of mortality and focus on the greater good, even in the face of death, reflect core Stoic teachings on the impermanence of life and the pursuit of a virtuous existence.

Credit: Universal

Stoicism Beyond Marcus Aurelius: Themes in Modern Cinema

Stoicism has found its way into many films beyond the portrayal of historical figures like Marcus Aurelius. The philosophy’s emphasis on resilience, inner strength, and moral integrity resonates with characters in a variety of genres, from epic dramas to science fiction and beyond.

Credit: Universal

Oskar Schindler in Schindler’s List: In Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List (1993), Oskar Schindler (played by Liam Neeson) evolves from a profit-driven businessman into a Stoic hero who risks everything to save over a thousand Jews during the Holocaust. Schindler’s journey reflects Stoic virtues of courage, justice, and self-sacrifice. Despite the immense danger and personal cost, Schindler remains resolute in his mission, accepting the risks as necessary in his pursuit of a higher moral good. His actions exemplify the Stoic belief in doing what is right, regardless of external circumstances.

James Braddock in Cinderella Man: In Cinderella Man (2005), James Braddock (played by Russell Crowe) portrays the true story of a down-and-out boxer who embodies Stoic endurance during the Great Depression. Despite overwhelming odds, including poverty and injury, Braddock refuses to give up on his family or his career. His perseverance in the face of adversity, without succumbing to despair, reflects the Stoic ideal of enduring hardship with dignity. Braddock’s journey is one of resilience, where his focus on what he can control—his training, his will to fight—leads him to an unexpected comeback.

Credit: Universal

Credit: Sony Pictures Classic

Tommy Lee Jones in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada: In The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005), Tommy Lee Jones plays Pete Perkins, a ranch foreman who seeks to fulfill his friend Melquiades Estrada’s wish to be buried in his homeland. Despite facing numerous obstacles, including opposition from the law and the harsh desert environment, Pete’s unwavering commitment to his promise reflects Stoic values of loyalty, perseverance, and a sense of duty. His journey is marked by a calm acceptance of the hardships he faces, embodying the Stoic belief in maintaining one’s integrity and purpose, even in the face of great adversity.

Stoicism’s appeal in film lies in its universal themes of resilience, self-mastery, and moral integrity. In a world where characters often face overwhelming odds, Stoicism offers a framework for understanding and overcoming challenges. Whether in historical epics, science fiction, or modern dramas, the Stoic philosophy provides a timeless guide for navigating the complexities of life with grace and wisdom.

Through these characters and others, films have the power to bring Stoic ideas to life, inspiring audiences to reflect on their own responses to adversity and the pursuit of virtue in their everyday lives. The enduring presence of Stoicism in cinema is a testament to the philosophy’s relevance and power, offering a lens through which we can better understand both the characters on screen and ourselves.

For The Love Of Movies,

Jonathan Austin